Windows 上 Python 的 os.listdir 行为

问题描述

>>> import os
>>> os.chdir('c:/python27')
>>> os.listdir('c:')
['Tools', 'include', 'python.exe', 'libs', 'DLLs', 'Lib', 'NEWS.txt',
'w9xpopen.exe', 'Doc', 'pythonw.exe', 'LICENSE.txt', 'README.txt', 'tcl']
>>> os.listdir('c:/')
['users', 'Program Files', 'Python27', 'windows']

为什么c:"后面的/"会影响结果?有没有办法让 os.listdir('c:') 返回 "c:/" 的内容?

Why is the "/" after "c:" affecting the outcome? Is there a way to get os.listdir('c:') to return the contents of "c:/"?

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解决方案

这不是 Python 特有的，它本质上是一个 Windows 问题.

This is not specific to Python, it's a Windows question at heart.

在 Windows 中，C: 和 C:(或者，C:/)具有完全不同的含义:

In Windows C: and C: (or, alternatively C:/) have quite different meanings:

• C:指的是驱动器上的当前目录C:
• C:(和C:/)指的是驱动器的根目录C:

• C: refers to the current directory on the drive C:
• C: (and C:/) refers to the root directory of the drive C:

虽然类 UNIX 操作系统只有一个当前目录"，但 Windows 有两个独立的概念:

While UNIX-like operating systems simply have a "current directory", Windows has two separate notions:

• 当前驱动器和
• 当前目录每个驱动器

所以当前驱动器可以是D:，C:上的当前目录可以是Windows(实际上是C:Windows)和 D: 上的当前目录可能是 Data(实际上是 D:Data).在这种情况下，解决方案的工作方式如下:

So the current drive could be D:, the current directory on C: could be Windows (effectively C:Windows) and the current directory on D: could be Data (effectively D:Data). In this scenario resolution would work like this:

• . 将引用 D:Data
• 将引用 D:
• C: 将引用 C:Windows
• C:Foo 将引用 C:Foo

• . would refer to D:Data
• would refer to D:
• C: would refer to C:Windows
• C:Foo would refer to C:Foo

因此，如果您想获得有关特定目录的信息，则应始终使用完整路径包括驱动器和目录，如 C:.

So if you want to have information about a specific directory, you should always use a full path including both a drive and a directory, such as C:.